Learn About the Crimean War

The Crimean War is perhaps remembered mostly for the â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade,† a poem written about a disastrous episode when British cavalry valiantly attacked the wrong objective in a battle. The war was also significant for the pioneering nursing of Florence Nightingale, the reporting of a man considered the first war correspondent, and the first use of photography in a war. The war itself, however, arose from muddled circumstances. The conflict between superpowers of the day was fought between allies Britain and France against Russia and its Turkish ally. The result of the war did not make enormous changes in Europe. Although rooted in longstanding rivalries, the Crimean War erupted over what was obviously a pretext involving religion of populations in the Holy Land. It was almost as if the large powers in Europe wanted a war at that time to keep each other in check, and they found an excuse to have it. Causes of the Crimean War In the early decades of the 19th century, Russia had grown into a mighty military power. By 1850 Russia appeared to be intent on spreading its influence southward. Britain was concerned that Russia would expand to the point where it held power over the Mediterranean. The French emperor Napoleon III, in the early 1850s, had forced the Ottoman Empire to recognize France as a sovereign authority in the Holy Land. The Russian tsar objected and began his own diplomatic maneuvering. The Russians claimed to be protecting the religious freedom of Christians in Holy Land. War Declared By Britain and France Somehow the obscure diplomatic wrangling led to open hostilities, and Britain and France declared war against Russia on March 28, 1854. The Russians appeared willing, at first, to avoid war. But demands put forth by Britain and France were not met, and a larger conflict seemed unavoidable. The Invasion of the Crimea In September 1854 the allies struck the the Crimea, a peninsula in the present day Ukraine. The Russians had a large naval base at Sevastopol, on the Black Sea, which was the ultimate target of the invasion force. The British and French troops, after landing at Calamita Bay, began marching southward toward Sevastopol, which was approximately 30 miles away. The allied armies, with about 60,000 troops, encountered a Russian force at the River Alma and a battle ensued. The British commander, Lord Raglan, who had not been in combat since losing an arm at Waterloo nearly 30 years earlier, had considerable trouble coordinating his attacks with his French allies. Despite these problems, which would become common throughout the war, the British and French routed the Russian army, which fled. The Russians regrouped at Sevastopol. The British, bypassing that major base, attacked the town of Balaclava, which had a harbor that could be used as a supply base. Ammunition and siege weapons began to be unloaded, and the allies prepared for an eventual attack on Sevastopol. The British and French began an artillery bombardment of Sevastopol on October 17, 1854. The time-honored tactic did not seem to have much effect. On October 25, 1854, the Russian commander, Prince Aleksandr Menshikov, ordered an attack on the allied lines. The Russians attacked a weak position and stood a good chance of reaching the town of Balaclava until they were repulsed heroically by Scottish Highlanders. Charge of the Light Brigade As the Russians were fighting the Highlanders, another Russian unit began removing British guns from an abandoned position. Lord Raglan ordered his light cavalry to prevent that action, but his orders got confused and the legendary Charge of the Light Brigade was launched against the wrong Russian position. The 650 men of the regiment raced into certain death, and at least 100 men were killed in the first minutes of the charge. The battle ended with the British having lost a lot of ground, but with the standoff still in place. Ten days later the Russians attacked again. In what was known as the Battle of the Inkermann, the armies fought in very wet and foggy weather. That day ended with high casualties on the Russian side, but again the fighting was indecisive. The Siege Continued As the winter weather approached and conditions deteriorated, the fighting came to a virtual halt with the siege of Sevastopol still in place. During the winter of 1854-55 the war became an ordeal of disease and malnutrition. Thousands of troops died of exposure and contagious illnesses spread through the camps. Four times as many troops died of illness than combat wounds. In late 1854 Florence Nightingale arrived in Constantinople and began treating British troops in hospitals. She was shocked by the appalling conditions she encountered. The armies stayed in trenches throughout the spring of 1855, and assaults on Sevastopol were finally planned for June 1855. Attacks on fortresses protecting the city were launched and repulsed on June 15, 1855, thanks largely to incompetence by the British and French attackers. The British commander, Lord Raglan, had taken ill and died on June 28, 1855. Another attack on Sevastopol was launched in September 1855, and the city finally fell to the British and French. At that point the Crimean War was essentially over, though some scattered fighting went on until February 1856. Peace was finally declared in late March 1856. Consequences of the Crimean War While the British and French did eventually capture their objective, the war itself could not be considered a great success. It was marked by incompetence and what was widely perceived as needless loss of life. The Crimean War did check the Russian expansionist tendencies. But Russia itself was not really defeated, as the Russian homeland was not attacked.

Engineering Runs The World Is An Essential Part Of Being...

Engineering Runs The World In our daily life we face challenges that we can relate to mechanical engineering, one of the common examples is the temperature in metal, which is the thermal expansion. Mechanical engineers use combination of material, human and economic resources to develop mechanical solutions that help satisfy the needs and wants of society. They must be confident and accurate when making decisions. Engineers try to look at the problems in the society and come with innovative ideas in order to solve the difficulties. Work experience as an engineer is very important. Knowing how to react in certain situations under certain circumstances is an essential part of being an engineer. Engineering industry have a wide variety of jobs such as civil engineer where you over-watch bridges, building and the other important structures, it makes sure everything is up to code for large building and structures. Mechanical engineering works on mechanical systems and other complex mechanics, such as; cranes and airplane motors. If someone who is inexperienced tries to take on a real engineer job, there could be extreme results and repercussions. Problems we face in the engineering world be when there are or could potentially be an irresponsible engineer or engineers, who are the lead project manager(s) working on something for public use like a bridge, if he fails in calculations due lack of knowledge and truth, where it may cause deaths if there is a failure in the bridge.Show MoreRelatedThe growing relevance of C hemical Engineering in today’s world, from energy oil industries to900 Words   |  4 PagesThe growing relevance of Chemical Engineering in today’s world, from energy oil industries to pharmaceuticals biotechnology, and a keen desire for applying this knowledge in interrelated spheres motivates me to pursue a Master’s degree in this field. 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As engineering is the practice of developing technology, it is seen as the primary cause of technological changes in society. With great power, comes great responsibility, and the need for the engineering profession as a whole to incorporate the impact of the technology as a core value is more critical than ever as the rate of technological change accelerates. Engineers must balance the development of technology with the cultural, ethicalRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Human Race2497 Words   |  10 Pages Andrew Leicht 8/24/2014 Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is a compelling argument that mankind was destined to be upgraded. Most humans find attraction in being faster, smarter, stronger, happier, and healthier. With this being said, sometimes it is better to let nature run its course. An unaltered human race may be for the best decision when accounting for the longevity of humans. Genetic engineering by definition is â€Å"the group of applied techniques of genetics and biotechnology usedRead MoreBackground Of Mission And Lead Up For Failure1630 Words   |  7 Pagesand JPL made this spacecraft sophisticated was because a couple years before 1962 there were two missions that had a stated objective to conduct a Venus flyby however both rockets failed. The cost of Mariner was $18.5 million dollars, but in today’s world it’s roughly $135 million. Reasons why the Mariner 1 failed launched became historic was partially due to a very avoidable error, which NASA described as a, â€Å"hyphen in the data-editing†. However, days leading up to launch there was speculation thatRead MoreThe End Of Conventional Oil1479 Words   |  6 Pagesresource on Earth is oil. Oil is needed for heating homes, the generation of electricity, the creation of asphalt on roads, and the production of many chemicals, plastics and synthetics. Additionally, oil is used for transportation purposes. 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Implications Of Firm Organizational Cost â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Implications Of Firm Organizational Cost? Answer: Introduction The corporate social responsibility (CSR) is considered as the initiative of the company to asses as well as takes the responsibility of organizational impact on the social and environmental well-being (Lawrence Weber, 2014). The companies have wide variety of reasons to engage in the CSR activities. This is considered as a commitment to improve the general infrastructure of the community. The important concepts of corporate social performance, stakeholder management, business ethics, sustainability and business ethics are all inter-related with the CSR activities of the firm. The CSR activities of a firm have positive impact on the customer perceptive of the company and the intent of them to purchase the companys products or avail their services (Agarwal Singh, 2016). There is also a positive impact of the CSR activities on the job-seeking intent as the potential candidates would be more likely to work for a socially responsible firm. These kinds of activities are responsible for greater brand reputation and greater goodwill in the market. The CSR activities do not always increase the revenue of the company. There has been a growing debate about the financial viability of CSR initiatives. This essay would discuss the various aspects of the CSR initiatives including the advantages and disadvantages concerning it. The various management concepts concerning the topic would be discussed in an elaborate manner. Discussion As opined by Harrison and Wicks (2013), the corporate social responsibility (CSR) is concerned with the self-regulation of the organizations which is integrated into the business model. These policies have an active compliance with various aspects of ethical standards and international legislations. Experts are striving to establish the positive relationship between the outcomes of CSR activities and the degree of certainty that it would bring positive outcomes for the company (Agarwal Singh, 2016). The return on investment on the CSR activities needs to be justified. It is important to understand the return to the stakeholders for understanding the contribution of CSR to the organizational effectiveness. The stakeholder theory focuses on the idea of long term sustainability of the multinational corporations which are dependent on various constituents (Hrisch, Freeman Schaltegger, 2014). The stakeholders are considered as the important parts of the business entities as they help the organization to fulfill its mission (Agarwal Singh, 2016). The stakeholders include the customers, employees, investors, governments, communities and others. These entities are said to form positive associations with the company and help the company to engage in lucrative opportunities (Kim, Kim King, 2016). The stakeholders often view the CSR activities of the company by witnessing their level of success and their ability to impact the beneficiaries. According to Bojanic (2015), the means-end theory focuses on the fact that the purchase decisions made by the consumers are directly related to the product/service attributes and benefits obtained from them. The first benefit is related with the functional aspects in which the tangible as well as intangible characteristics are measured (Hrisch, Freeman Schaltegger, 2014). The second benefit is concerned with psychosocial aspects in which the sociological and psychological well-being of the customers are being measured (Hrisch, Freeman Schaltegger, 2014). The third factor is concerned with the values of the customers that decide the level of importance to them. This theory emphasizes on the fact that the consumers try to maximize these three benefits by making purchase decisions (Kumar et al., 2014). The CSR activities are also assumed to have high degree of benefits to the customers (Hrisch, Freeman Schaltegger, 2014). The customers have either direct involvement with the customer s or they get involved in the process by gaining mere knowledge. There are various benefits of the CSR process, which have been grouped based on various approaches. CSR is a viable tool for gaining competitive advantage as the good works of the company would be appreciated by the public and they would purchase the products or services of the particular company (Sethi, Martell Demir, 2017). The CSR activities also help in the development of the corporate image and corporate legitimacy (Hrisch, Freeman Schaltegger, 2014). The company which engages itself in the matters of the society and engages in the community betterment are perceived better by the audiences. There is significant value creation through the process of CSR activities. There is an enhanced value creation for the organization, which would help the company to secure good manpower. It is obvious that more qualified candidates would be joining the organizations if it has a reputation of good CSR activities. As commented by Bajic and Yurtoglu (2016), the CSR activities are often estimated by the profitability statements received from the financial statements. There are issues with the actual measurement of the CSR performance (Sethi, Martell Demir, 2017). There have consensus issues on the operation aspect of CSR activities. There are also measurement challenges regarding CSR activities and there are no set standard procedures (Sethi, Martell Demir, 2017). It has been argued that the CSR is an expensive task as the social activities incurs additional responses for the company (Tsai et al., 2015). The social actions do force the companies to make considerable investments in environmental affairs such as pollution control, deforestation, community sponsorships and donations to NGO or community bodies (Sethi, Martell Demir, 2017). There are number of other expenses that are undertaken by the companies for keeping the CSR activities function smoothly. This often has an adverse impact on t he profitability of the firm and there is stagnant financial performance. As defined by Chun et al. (2013), the corporate citizenship of a firm is concerned with the involvement of the social responsibility of a business entity which can meet ethical, legal and economic responsibilities of the firm (Tsai et al., 2015). The aim of the corporate citizenship is to ensure that there are higher living standards and high quality of life among the communities (Tsai et al., 2015). It is important to maintain the good socially responsible organizations in which there is encouragement of the investors and employees so that they can help in the growth and prosperity of the organizations. There are several benefits of the corporate social responsibility on the financial profitability of the firm. However, research shows that a positive but weak correlation of the corporate citizenship and the financial performance of the firm (Christensen, Mackey Whetten, 2014). The high spending on the CSR activities of the firm often hampers the financial profitability of the firm. There is a significant reduction in the return to the stakeholders, which leads to the increased prices to the customers (Chen Lin, 2014). When the customers perceive that they are being charged extra for the same products or services, then they would consider their purchase decisions. There are instances when they switch brands and they may move to some other companies (Christensen, Mackey Whetten, 2014). This would reduce the sales of the companies as there would less purchase, which may have severe impact on the profit generation of the firm. There can also be lowering of the wages of the employees as the firm may not be able to provide full compensation to all employees (Christensen, Mackey Whetten, 2014). In an attempt to do cost cutting, the organization may witness more attrition rate. There can be lot of employees who would be willing to change the company and join a close rival (Christensen, Mackey Whetten, 2014). This may have significant impact on the financial performance of the firm. According to Situ, Tilt and Seet (2015), the corporate environmental reporting is concerned with the level of environmental burden. This is because of the fact that the companies do not disclose the perfect picture of how their decisions are affecting the environment. The legitimacy plays a vital role in the choices of the firms regarding the environmental disclosure (Christensen, Mackey Whetten, 2014). There should be environmental performance metrics which would analyze the contribution of the company towards the environmental matters such as waste reduction, greenhouse gas reduction and water consumption. It is important for the firms to be responsible and yet be profitable in terms of their financial performance. The firms have an objective of increasing the strategic profits and are sustainable in the long run. The stakeholders of the firm value the social efforts of the firm and should gain positive benefits when they are associated with the firm. It is important to generate more profits by the act of more product differentiation, which would help the company to satisfy the needs of more number of target audiences (Chun et al., 2013). This would also ensure that the audiences would make number of purchases from the company and hence it would be able to generate more profits. The firm should also be able to attract more number of competent staffs so that they would be able to serve the customers in a better way. The customers would return to the company if they get good services and good behavior from the staffs. Conclusion The modern day organizations face the challenge of being competitive and staying ahead of the rivals. At the same time, they do need to formulate some tricks so that they do not suffer financial losses. It is important for the companies to formulate important strategies so that they can continue with their CSR activities as well as gain sufficient financial profits. It is important that the firms should not suffer losses and engage in CSR activities. This essay showcased the important benefits of CSR activities and how it is beneficial for the company. It is also important to gain profits and this essay focused on the different aspects that tend to lower the financial profits of the firm. It has been argued that the CSR is an expensive task as the social activities incurs additional responses for the company as there are certain cost parameters that are related to it. However, the companies should aim for increasing the profits and at the same time, engaging in a variety of community activities. References Agarwal, S., Singh, R. (2016). 21 Corporate social responsibility practices in the Indian food industry.A Stakeholder Approach to Managing Food: Local, National, and Global Issues,4, 297. Bajic, S., Yurtoglu, B. B. (2016). CSR, Market Value, and Profitability: International Evidence. Bojanic, D. C. (2015). An Examination of the Means-End Model of Price, Quality and Value in the Service Industry. InProceedings of the 1996 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 163-163). Springer, Cham. Chen, M. L., Lin, C. P. (2014). Modelling perceived corporate citizenship and psychological contracts: A mediating mechanism of perceived job efficacy.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,23(2), 231-247. Christensen, L. J., Mackey, A., Whetten, D. (2014). Taking responsibility for corporate social responsibility: The role of leaders in creating, implementing, sustaining, or avoiding socially responsible firm behaviors.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(2), 164-178. Chun, J. S., Shin, Y., Choi, J. N., Kim, M. S. (2013). How does corporate ethics contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of collective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Management,39(4), 853-877. Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C. (2013). Stakeholder theory, value, and firm performance.Business ethics quarterly,23(1), 97-124. Hrisch, J., Freeman, R. E., Schaltegger, S. (2014). Applying stakeholder theory in sustainability management: Links, similarities, dissimilarities, and a conceptual framework.Organization Environment,27(4), 328-346. Kim, B., Kim, S. S., King, B. (2016). The sacred and the profane: Identifying pilgrim traveler value orientations using means-end theory.Tourism Management,56, 142-155. Kumar, D. T., Palaniappan, M., Kannan, D., Shankar, K. M. (2014). Analyzing the CSR issues behind the supplier selection process using ISM approach.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,92, 268-278. Lawrence, A. T., Weber, J. (2014).Business and society: Stakeholders, ethics, public policy. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Sethi, S. P., Martell, T. F., Demir, M. (2017). An evaluation of the quality of corporate social responsibility reports by some of the worlds largest financial institutions.Journal of Business Ethics,140(4), 787-805. Situ, H., Tilt, C., Seet, P. S. (2015, November). Corporate Environmental Reporting (CER) in China: A Stakeholder Perspective. InA-CSEAR 2015-Proceedings of the 14th Australasian Centre on Social and Environmental Accounting Research Conference: A-CSEAR 2015(p. 165). Academic Conferences and publishing limited. Tsai, Y. H., Joe, S. W., Lin, C. P., Chiu, C. K., Shen, K. T. (2015). Exploring corporate citizenship and purchase intention: mediating effects of brand trust and corporate identification.Business ethics: A European review,24(4), 361-377. Wickert, C., Scherer, A. G., Spence, L. J. (2016). Walking and talking corporate social responsibility: Implications of firm size and organizational cost.Journal of Management Studies,53(7), 1169-1196

Out, out Essay Example

Out, out Paper Robert Frost effectively reveals the fragility of life in his poem Out, out-. Through a cold detached tone he explores the consequences of a young boys misfortune, as he has a horrific accident with a buzz saw. Strong, vivid imagery is used to picture the scene and conjure images of the horrific accident. He teaches that life is precious and at any point it can easily be taken. Immediately we can tell from the title that the poem will deal with how delicate life is. Out, out brief candle, is from William Shakespeares Macbeth. The title is used to show that life is fragile and how it is nothing but a walking shadow. Frost uses this to imply life is delicate and, like a candle, can be snuffed out easily and at any time. The poet creates a tranquil and peaceful scene in the opening stanzas, a rhythm is created through the alliteration of: sweet-scented stuff We will write a custom essay sample on Out, out specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Out, out specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Out, out specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The soft repetition of the s creates a luring sense of security by composing a laid-back rhythm for the boy to perform his work to. Frosts setting conjures a peaceful mood, the boy is working under the sunset however this can be seen as foreshadowing of his death. The sunset can represent a life ending and is extremely foreboding, as we know he is in an uncontrolled daze. By contrasting such a peaceful setting with the buzz saw at the beginning of the poem Frost creates gripping tension that leaves us worrying for the boy. The first line presents a strong sense of danger by telling the reader the saw: snarled and rattled. These are aggressive, powerful words, which personify the buzz saw, indicating to the reader this is a dangerous, animalistic machine. These examples of onomatopoeia are repeated throughout the poem which maintains the sense of menace. It also contrasts with the calm, luring mood. By implying a tragedy will occur in such a peaceful setting the poet reveals how delicate this boys life truly is. Even before this tragic incident takes place Frost effectively uses tone to build up to the danger we sense is awaiting. Once again snarled and rattled is repeated which further personifies the saw. It is like a wild animal ready to pounce. The repetition of the phrase insinuates that his work is boring and monotonous which could suggest that the boy could easily lose concentration. Frost continues this foreboding tone using punctuation effectively: And nothing happened: day was all but done. The colon creates a pause in the rhythm, this allows the reader to pause and think. His day may have ended at that particular point and he could have been saved from the awaiting accident. This adds to the readers shock and allows them to feel sympathetic towards the boy. Throughout the poem Frost uses a detached, impersonal tone, however regretfully states, call it a day, I wish they might have said. This is the only point where he unveils emotion and we are forced to believe the seriousness of the situation. By the use of tone Frost illustrates how easily the accident could have been avoided, revealing the fragility of life. When the tragedy actually occurs the boy primarily does not realise the extent of his injury. His sister creates the boys initial distraction by announcing supper and the saw: leaped out at the boys hand Frosts word choice of leaped is an unusual but an effective way to describe the object. The saw is almost like a savage animal: it understood the calling of the meal and struck the boys arm thinking it was its prey. In the end it was all determined by fate, if the boy was not called at that precise moment he might have lived. The actual disaster is not described in great detail: but the hand! This is the first time we are told any information regarding the accident. The lack of detail suggest it is too tragic and gory to even consider describing. We are only told he tried to keep the life from spilling. This use of metonymy is extremely effective as it shows the severity of the boys accident. His life is spilling along with the blood from his veins. As he held his hand half in appeal we know he urgently needs medical attention as his life is progressively ending at this point. The immediate reaction from the boy was a rueful laugh, a laugh of embarrassment and regret. Frosts word choice of rueful suggests the idea that the boy now knows he was not paying attention to his work and he will have to live with the consequences of this. Since he was old enough to know what was happening he did not even have the comfort of ignorance, the poet contrasts this by once again reiterating his youth to create pity in the reader. As the initial shock wears off the child begins to pictur e his life without this essential limb and then: The boy saw all- This effectively describes the boys realisation of how serious his injury is. The dash creates a pause reflecting the boy actually stopping and thinking of how he may not have his hand any longer. The severity of this catastrophe proves that life can at any point crumble away, leaving nothing. The penultimate lines of the poem tell of the attempts to save the boys life and the reaction from the surrounding spectators. Frost creates a blunt, matter of fact tone when he tells us: the doctor put him in the dark of ether A metaphor is used to describe him being made unconscious by the influence of gas, with the word dark suggesting he is slipping away into his death. As we read on it is evident he may not pull through as he lay and puffed his lips out with his breath, he is distinctly struggling to breathe and as his state worsens Frosts use of sentence structure vividly describes his death: little-less-nothing! In his use of punctuation the dashes imitate his fading heartbeat : each brief pause reflecting the rhythm of his slowing pulse. The truth is even though we were expecting this incident throughout the poem, we are shocked when it actually takes place, but the reality is everyone has his or her time. We will have our time to leave the world but cannot predict when this will be. To conclude, by exploring Robert Frosts Out, out-, I found life is fragile and at any point it can be snatched away from us. This is shown through effective imagery and griping tone to tell the story of an unfortunate child having his hand removed by a buzz saw. The poem taught me to life to the full as we only have one chance. We all go at different times and in different, maybe unexpected, so must make the most of the time we have.